Web Development with HTML & CSS – Full Course for Beginners

Updated: December 25, 2024

freeCodeCamp.org


Summary

The video provides a comprehensive course on web development with HTML and CSS, catering to beginners with step-by-step guides from basic concepts to advanced topics like Git, GitHub, and cloud deployment. It covers essential aspects such as creating visually appealing web pages, styling with CSS, and deploying websites. Additionally, it delves into responsive design principles, flexbox layout, Bootstrap framework, and building web applications using Express framework for Node.js, emphasizing the importance of version control and collaboration via GitHub.


Introduction to Web Development with HTML and CSS

Overview of the course on web development with HTML and CSS for beginners, covering basic concepts and gradually progressing to advanced topics like Git, GitHub, and Cloud deployment.

Basics of HTML and CSS

Explanation of HTML and CSS as the foundation of web design, including creating visually appealing and functional web pages, defining HTML and CSS, and their roles in structuring and styling web documents.

Creating a Basic Web Page

Step-by-step guide on creating a basic web page, including viewing it in a browser, using HTML tags to structure the page, adding styles with CSS, understanding the CSS Box model, and deploying the website to the cloud.

Setting up Development Environment

Instructions on setting up Visual Studio Code for web development, creating a project folder, opening VS Code, creating an HTML file, and viewing the webpage in a browser.

Understanding HTML Tags and Elements

Explanation of HTML tags and elements, including the head tag for metadata, body tag for visible content, using headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and understanding the HTML structure.

Creating a Wireframe for a Web Page

Demonstration of creating a wireframe for a web page using a digital whiteboard, designing the layout with sections like logo, header, job listings, and footer with important links.

Adding Text and Text Modifier Tags

Incorporating text on a web page using P and Span tags, understanding the purpose of paragraph and inline styling tags, emphasizing text with bold or underline, and the use of attributes.

Working with Lists in HTML

Creating unordered and ordered lists in HTML, using UL and OL tags with LI tags for bullet and numbered lists, nesting lists, and providing structured information on web pages.

Adding Links and Images to Web Pages

Adding hyperlinks with anchor tags for navigation, including HREF attribute for specifying link locations, opening links in new tabs, and inserting images with IMG tags, attributes like SRC, ALT, height, and width.

Introduction to CSS

Introduction to CSS and its importance in controlling layout and design of web pages. Explains different ways to apply CSS styles including inline styles using the style attribute, applying styles using a style tag, and linking external CSS files.

Applying CSS Properties

Detailed explanation of applying CSS properties to HTML elements. Covers using attributes like text-align and color, demonstrating how to center text and change text color using CSS.

Using Style Tag

Explanation of using a style tag in CSS to apply styles to multiple HTML elements. Demonstrates how to select specific elements using a selector and apply CSS properties within a style tag.

Linking External CSS File

Details the process of creating a separate CSS file and linking it to an HTML file to apply styles. Demonstrates how to create a CSS file, link it in HTML, and the precedence of styles between style tags and external CSS files.

CSS Box Model

Explains the CSS Box Model and its layers that determine layout and sizing of elements. Demonstrates creating HTML elements, setting width, height, padding, border, and margins to understand the Box Model concept.

Styling Web Page Layout

Demonstrates step-by-step styling of a webpage layout, including creating a navigation bar, setting max width, aligning content, adding padding, adjusting images, formatting text, and creating a footer section.

Introduction to Mailto Links

Introducing the mailto links feature where clicking on a mailto link will open the user's email application with the specified details pre-filled.

Using Apply Mailto Link

Demonstration of using a mailto link for the 'Apply' button to open the user's email application with pre-filled subject and email address.

Deploying a Web Page to the Cloud

Explanation of deploying a web page to the cloud using static.app and creating an index.html file for deployment.

Styling Web Pages with CSS

Teaching how to style web pages with CSS, including applying styles using the style tag, creating selectors, using IDs and classes for styling, and understanding the CSS Box model.

Applying Advanced Web Development Techniques

Covering advanced techniques in web development, including using advanced CSS properties, optimizing code for performance, creating and styling HTML tables, understanding text and color-related CSS properties, and using meta tags for page preview optimization.

Using Font Families in CSS

Explained the practice of using one font family for headings and a different one for the body text, demonstrated selecting different styles from font families like inter and Roboto, and showed how to include them in a web page.

External Fonts and Styling

Discussed the use of external fonts on web pages, provided insights on selecting fonts based on design guidelines, and emphasized the importance of experimenting with font styles while being conservative in choices.

CSS Properties for Text Styling

Covered various CSS properties like font family, font size, font weight, text alignment, font style, text transform, and text decoration, highlighting how each property affects text appearance and readability.

Choosing Colors in CSS

Explained the use of colors in CSS, discussed color palettes, named colors, RGB colors, hexadecimal colors, opacity with RGBA, and color contrast considerations for web design.

Styling Forms in HTML

Explained the structure of an HTML form using form, input, label, and various input types like text, email, checkbox, radio, select, textarea, password, and number, including attributes like name and required for form fields.

Building the Application Form

In this section, the speaker starts building the application form by creating various input fields such as full name, email, phone number, date of birth, position applied for, file input, text area for cover letter, checkbox, and a submit button. The speaker also discusses styling the form elements to enhance the appearance of the application form.

Styling the Form Elements

The speaker explains the process of styling the form elements to make them visually appealing. This includes setting font weight, padding, font size, margin, border color, and applying classes for phone number and form group. CSS tricks like setting input width and height are also demonstrated to enhance the form's aesthetics.

Setting up Form Submission with FormBold

The speaker demonstrates setting up form submission using an online platform called FormBold. They show how to configure the form action attribute to send data to FormBold and how responses are received and stored on FormBold after form submission. The process of deploying a web page by creating a zip file and uploading it to a hosting platform is also explained.

Implementing a Web Page Design from a Mockup

The speaker discusses implementing a web page design section by section based on a mockup. They cover setting up HTML and CSS files, incorporating Google Fonts, defining sections like hero, what I do, project, pricing, and questions, and styling the page elements with appropriate fonts and colors based on the mockup.

Setting up Basic Styles

The speaker sets up the basic styles for headers, body text, and buttons including font sizes, colors, line heights, and background colors.

Creating Hero Section

The process of creating a hero section is demonstrated by adding an H1 header, adjusting font sizes, colors, and alignments, and incorporating body text and an image.

Implementing Pricing Section

The speaker implements a pricing section by structuring different elements within pricing boxes, setting styling for different services, adding benefit lists, and styling contact buttons.

Setting Hover Effects

In this segment, the speaker explains how to add hover effects to buttons, change background colors, and update cursor styles when hovering over elements on the website.

Customizing Pricing Sections

The speaker demonstrates how to customize pricing sections by adjusting background colors, text colors, and styles for different sections on the webpage.

Styling Service Descriptions

This chapter covers the process of styling service descriptions by changing text colors, background colors, and applying consistent styling across different elements.

Adding Contact Buttons

The speaker adds contact buttons to the webpage, including modifying background colors, text colors, and hover effects for enhanced user interaction.

Incorporating SVG Icons

The speaker includes SVG icons on the webpage by adding image tags with specific dimensions, margins, and styling to align the icons properly within the content.

Introduction to GitHub

An overview of version control systems, Git, and GitHub, highlighting the importance of version control for code management and collaboration among developers.

Creating a GitHub Repository

Step-by-step guide on creating a new repository on GitHub, including setting up the repository description, visibility options, initialization steps, and default branch name.

Uploading Code to GitHub

Demonstration of uploading code to a GitHub repository, setting up folders, transferring project files, and managing code directly from GitHub's interface.

Previewing Website with Live Server

The speaker shows how to preview a website using the Live Server extension in VS Code, enabling a live preview of web development projects for testing and debugging.

Live Server and Styles CSS

Using live server to make changes in HTML and CSS files. Introduction to creating code spaces and configuring them.

Pushing Changes to Remote Repository

Explanation of using terminal commands to stage, commit, and push changes to the remote repository on GitHub.

Web Deployment on Vercel

Demonstration of deploying a project on Vercel for instant deployment without additional coding.

Meta Tags for SEO

Explanation of meta tags in HTML for improving the presentation of web pages on social platforms.

GitHub Collaboration Workflow

Detailing the workflow of creating branches, pull requests, code reviews, and merging changes on GitHub.

Finalizing Changes and Merging

Finalizing changes on a branch, creating pull requests, reviewing, resolving comments, and merging changes to the main branch.

Committing Changes and Branch Creation

The video explains committing changes to the main branch, creating a new branch named 'open job opportunities,' and making changes to different branches like 'pull request one' and 'branch created by Sydney.' It also covers creating a pull request and merging changes back into the main branch.

Handling Merge Conflict

The section details how to handle a merge conflict when two users update the same code space, resulting in conflicting changes. It shows resolving conflicts, overriding changes, and incorporating changes from multiple pull requests.

Updating Feature Branches

This part focuses on updating feature branches with the latest changes from the main branch to resolve conflicts and maintain synchronization. It includes steps like checking out the main branch, pulling changes, and merging the latest changes into the feature branch.

Creating a Duplicate GitHub Repository

The tutorial demonstrates creating a duplicate of a GitHub repository by setting up a new repository without affecting the original one. It covers importing code from an old repository into a new one and deploying the new repository on Vercel.

Responsive Web Design and Development

The chapter discusses the importance of responsive web design for optimizing user experience on different devices. It explains how user interface design starts from a mobile perspective and extends to tablets and desktops, emphasizing the adaptation of content based on screen sizes.

Understanding Responsive Design Breakpoints

Discussing the specific breakpoints for desktop and tablet screens, common values, and the importance of implementing layout changes at specific breakpoints for a responsive website.

Implementing Responsive Meta Tag

Explaining the use of the meta tag viewport with width=device-width and initial-scale=1 to make a website responsive for various devices.

Examples of Responsive Website Designs

Providing examples like Dropbox, Dribble, and GitHub to showcase how different websites adapt their layouts for mobile, tablet, and desktop screens to inspire building responsive designs.

Developing Responsive Websites

Explaining the process of developing responsive websites, including testing on mobile devices, using developer tools for inspection, and applying CSS media queries for different layouts based on device sizes.

Flexbox Layout for Responsive Designs

Introducing flexbox layout, its properties, and how it simplifies complex layouts for responsive designs by controlling item positioning and arrangement within containers.

Mastering Flexbox Properties

Exploring common flexbox properties such as flex-grow, flex-shrink, and flex-basis to control item growth, shrinking, and initial sizes within a flex container for responsive design layouts.

Flex Basis and Flex Shrink

Explanation of flex basis and flex shrink properties in flexbox design.

Setting Flex Basis to Zero

Demonstration of setting flex basis to zero for reducing the size of flex items.

Understanding Flex Grow and Flex Shrink

Explanation of how flex grow and flex shrink properties work in adjusting item sizes.

Flex Properties Syntax and Usage

Description of different ways to use flex properties syntax and examples.

Applications of Flexbox

Various applications of flexbox in web design including responsive layouts, grid systems, equal height columns, vertical centering, and more.

Designing Responsive Layouts

Demonstration of designing a responsive layout using media queries for different screen sizes like mobile, tablet, and desktop.

Styling Job Opportunities Section

Styling the job opportunities section with CSS to display job listings effectively.

Designing Application Form

Designing an application form layout with proper styling for different screen sizes like mobile, tablet, and desktop.

Creating Footer Section

Creating and styling the footer section with links displayed vertically on mobile and horizontally on tablet and desktop.

Responsive Layout for Jobs Page

Added a responsive layout for the jobs page, including a logo in the navbar, responsive design for mobile and desktop views, table layout on desktop, and card layout on mobile.

Creating GitHub Repository

Created a GitHub repository for the project, added a README file, and ignored unnecessary files for version control.

Loading Javascript After HTML Content

Discusses the importance of loading the Javascript file only after the entire content of the HTML page is loaded to avoid flickering effects and ensure interactivity works smoothly.

Adding Bootstrap to Web Page

Explains how to add Bootstrap to a web page by including a default Bootstrap file, resulting in significant style changes such as font, padding, and colors.

Customizing Bootstrap with CSS Variables

Provides a tutorial on CSS variables, demonstrating how to define and use custom CSS variables to override and customize Bootstrap styles easily.

CSS Variables Implementation

Shows how to create CSS variables using the root selector and use them in CSS properties to apply customized styles like colors and font sizes.

Customizing Bootstrap Styles

Guides on modifying Bootstrap styles by changing CSS variables, updating fonts, colors, and other design elements to suit specific preferences.

Understanding Bootstrap Grid System

Explains the Bootstrap grid system, including containers, rows, columns, offsets, and gutters, to create responsive layouts using predefined classes and breakpoints.

Bootstrap Utility Classes

Introduces Bootstrap utility classes for quick styling adjustments like spacing, text alignment, background colors, flex layouts, and other CSS properties directly in the HTML elements.

Bootstrap Overview

Introduction to Bootstrap components and categories such as navigation, layout, forms, and utility components.

Adding Links to Navigation Bar

Adding links to a navigation bar using Bootstrap's Navbar component and customizing it for different screen sizes.

Creating Hero or About Section

Building a hero or about section using a pre-built centered content layout from Bootstrap examples and customizing it with text and buttons.

Creating Job Opportunities Section

Creating a job opportunities section with cards layout on mobile and a table on desktop using Bootstrap classes and responsive design techniques.

Building Application Form

Building an application form using Bootstrap form components like inputs, select dropdown, textarea, and a submit button.

Setting up the Footer in Bootstrap

The speaker pastes in the footer with copyright text from a Bootstrap example in the code. The footer is shown on mobile with adjustments for smaller screens and contains various form fields.

Deploying the Website on Vercel

The speaker deploys the website on Vercel by adding a new repository, selecting the SRC directory, and pushing the code to the Git repository. They demonstrate the layout of the code and the deployed website.

Building a Scientific Calculator from Scratch

The speaker starts building a scientific calculator from scratch using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They explain the functionality of Google's scientific calculator, discuss prerequisites, set up a GitHub repository, use GitHub code spaces for coding, and begin writing code for the calculator.

Calculator Implementation

'Convert current value to a string and replace time and star symbols. Fix division symbol by adding percentage. Add scientific features like sin, cos, and Ln. Implement basic functionalities for calculator operations. Separate code into different files and deploy on GitHub repository. Integrate with Versel for easy deployment.'

Scientific Calculator Features

'Add scientific functions like sin, cosine, pi symbol, and Ln. Implement functionality for square root, log, and e symbols. Ensure proper symbol handling and JavaScript function usage.'

Calculator Logic and Error Handling

'Implementing logic for trigonometric functions and handling errors in the calculator code. Use try-catch statements for error handling. Fix errors related to mathematical functions like sign and cost. Ensure proper evaluation of mathematical expressions.'

HTML and CSS Improvements

'Add HTML and CSS enhancements for calculator buttons and symbols. Align elements properly for better visualization. Add responsiveness for different screen sizes. Ensure proper spacing and styling for a better user experience.'

JavaScript Code Generation

'Use AI tools like chat GPT and Jobot to generate JavaScript code for the calculator. Validate and test the generated code for functionality. Add event listeners and onclick handlers for button functionalities.'

Express Web Framework

'Introduction to Express web framework for node.js. Setting up a web server using Express. Handling incoming requests and responses. Running a web server on a specific port. Creation and configuration of node modules.'

Setting Up First Basic Server

Setting up the first basic server with a simple URL and handler to return a message. Adding more routes to the server configuration and setting up the Dev server with npm start.

Returning HTML Content

Creating an index.html file and adding content to it inside the SRC folder. Configuring the server to send the content of index.html file to the browser using Express utility function called path.

Automating Server Restart with Nodemon

Using nodemon package to automatically restart the server when changes are made to the code. Setting up npm run Dev script for development workflow.

Introduction to Next.js

Next.js framework is introduced as part of the next course instead of using Jovian website. The framework is explained using comparisons to other frameworks like the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) and Flask.

Backend and Frontend Technologies

Discusses the use of Python as the backend and JavaScript as the frontend in the project. Mentions the intention to migrate to React and Next.js fully.

Web App State Preservation

Explains the importance of maintaining web app history and discusses the challenges of memory retention in web applications.

Handling Concurrent Requests

Addresses the concept of handling multiple concurrent requests in JavaScript processes and compares Java backend with Node.js for server performance.

Sending Email from Web App

Details the process of setting up a Node Mailer package to send emails from the web application without storing in a database. Emphasizes the use of environment variables for security.

Deployment Preparation

Covers the setup of configuration files and packages like Node Mailer, Dotenv, and Body Parser for deployment. Emphasizes secure handling of sensitive information like passwords.

Setting Up Configurations

Instructions on creating an ENV file for storing sensitive information, such as email and password, and ignoring it for security. Details the process of loading these configurations into the app using required modules.

Form Submission Handling

Demonstrates handling form submissions by logging the request body, extracting variables using destructuring, and matching job IDs for submission.

Email Configuration and Sending

Explains the process of configuring email sending using Node Mailer, setting up mail options, creating an HTML email template, and sending emails securely. Includes error handling for successful sending.

Template Rendering and Deployment

Demonstrates template rendering for application submission feedback, adjusting styles in templates, and preparing for deployment with environment variables. Shows the importance of reloading the server for template changes.

Website Development Guidelines

Provides guidelines for building a personal website, including the required pages, form inclusion, design elements, content organization, and deployment process. Emphasizes wireframing and design consistency.

Creating a Personal Website

Discusses how to create a personal website by copying over content from different sites, selecting a design, making the website responsive, and adding further improvements like projects and contact information.

Website Design Inspiration

Provides examples of website designs for inspiration including elements like navigation bars, about sections, project showcases, and footers. Emphasizes using these examples as inspiration and not directly copying them.

Advanced HTML and CSS

Covers advanced topics in HTML and CSS such as tables, text styles, font properties, understanding sizes in CSS, color palettes, and using color codes in CSS.

Version Control and Cloud Deployment

Discusses version control with GitHub, GitHub collaboration workflow, and cloud deployment using Vercel. Emphasizes the importance of using version control for project management and collaboration.

Responsive Design and Flexbox

Explains responsive design principles, using media queries, CSS properties for responsive layouts, and the flexbox layout model for creating flexible and responsive designs.

Bootstrap CSS Framework

Introduces the Bootstrap CSS framework for building responsive websites, customization options, utility classes, components like Navbars and Cards, and creating responsive layouts using Bootstrap.

Building a Web Application with Express

Demonstrates building a web application with Express framework for Node.js, setting up a web server, serving static files, using templates with Mustache, and handling form submissions and email notifications.


FAQ

Q: What are some basic concepts covered in the course on web development with HTML and CSS?

A: The course covers basic concepts in web development such as HTML and CSS as the foundation of web design, creating visually appealing web pages, understanding HTML and CSS roles in structuring and styling web documents, and setting up Visual Studio Code for web development.

Q: How is the process of creating a basic web page explained in the course?

A: The course provides a step-by-step guide on creating a basic web page, including viewing it in a browser, using HTML tags to structure the page, adding styles with CSS, understanding the CSS Box model, and deploying the website to the cloud.

Q: What is the importance of CSS in web design according to the course content?

A: CSS is highlighted in the course for its role in controlling layout and design of web pages. It explains different ways to apply CSS styles, using attributes like text-align and color, applying styles to multiple HTML elements, creating a separate CSS file, and linking it to an HTML file for styling.

Q: How does the course explain working with GitHub for version control?

A: The course provides a step-by-step guide on creating a new repository on GitHub, uploading code to a GitHub repository, setting up Live Server extension in VS Code for previewing web projects, deploying projects on Vercel, and detailing workflows like creating branches, pull requests, and merging changes on GitHub.

Q: What advanced topics are covered in the course on web development?

A: The course covers advanced topics such as optimizing code for performance, creating and styling HTML tables, using meta tags for page preview optimization, handling responsive web design, explaining flexbox layout, modifying Bootstrap styles, and integrating JavaScript functionalities.

Q: How is the process of creating a responsive website explained?

A: The course explains the importance of responsive web design for optimizing user experience on different devices. It covers developing responsive websites by testing on mobile devices, using CSS media queries, and flexbox layout. It discusses breakpoints, meta tags for responsiveness, and examples of responsive layouts.

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